tidyr

Lecture 07

Dr. Colin Rundel

Reshaping data
(Wide vs. Long)

Wide -> Long

pivot_longer (previously gather)

Syntax

(d = tibble::tribble(
  ~country, ~"1999",  ~"2000",
        "A", "0.7K",     "2K",
        "B",  "37K",    "80K",
        "C", "212K",   "213K"
))
# A tibble: 3 × 3
  country `1999` `2000`
  <chr>   <chr>  <chr> 
1 A       0.7K   2K    
2 B       37K    80K   
3 C       212K   213K  


pivot_longer(
  d, 
  cols = "1999":"2000", 
  names_to = "year", 
  values_to = "cases"
)
# A tibble: 6 × 3
  country year  cases
  <chr>   <chr> <chr>
1 A       1999  0.7K 
2 A       2000  2K   
3 B       1999  37K  
4 B       2000  80K  
5 C       1999  212K 
6 C       2000  213K

Long -> Wide

pivot_wider (previously spread)

Syntax

( d = tibble::tribble(
    ~country, ~year,   ~type, ~count,
         "A",  1999, "cases", "0.7K",
         "A",  1999,   "pop",  "19M",
         "A",  2000, "cases",   "2K",
         "A",  2000,   "pop",  "20M",
         "B",  1999, "cases",  "37K",
         "B",  1999,   "pop", "172M",
         "B",  2000, "cases", " 80K",
         "B",  2000,   "pop", "174M",
         "C",  1999, "cases", "212K",
         "C",  1999,   "pop",   "1T",
         "C",  2000, "cases", "213K",
         "C",  2000,   "pop",   "1T"
  )
)
# A tibble: 12 × 4
   country  year type  count 
   <chr>   <dbl> <chr> <chr> 
 1 A        1999 cases "0.7K"
 2 A        1999 pop   "19M" 
 3 A        2000 cases "2K"  
 4 A        2000 pop   "20M" 
 5 B        1999 cases "37K" 
 6 B        1999 pop   "172M"
 7 B        2000 cases " 80K"
 8 B        2000 pop   "174M"
 9 C        1999 cases "212K"
10 C        1999 pop   "1T"  
11 C        2000 cases "213K"
12 C        2000 pop   "1T"  
pivot_wider(
  d, 
  id_cols = country:year, 
  names_from = type, 
  values_from = count
)
# A tibble: 6 × 4
  country  year cases  pop  
  <chr>   <dbl> <chr>  <chr>
1 A        1999 "0.7K" 19M  
2 A        2000 "2K"   20M  
3 B        1999 "37K"  172M 
4 B        2000 " 80K" 174M 
5 C        1999 "212K" 1T   
6 C        2000 "213K" 1T

Separate - wider

separate_wider_delim(d, rate, delim = "/", names = c("cases", "pop"))
# A tibble: 6 × 4
  country  year cases pop  
  <chr>   <dbl> <chr> <chr>
1 A        1999 0.7K  19M  
2 A        2000 2K    20M  
3 B        1999 37K   172M 
4 B        2000 80K   174M 
5 C        1999 212K  1T   
6 C        2000 213K  1T

Separate - longer

separate_longer_delim(d, rate, delim = "/")
# A tibble: 12 × 3
   country  year rate 
   <chr>   <dbl> <chr>
 1 A        1999 0.7K 
 2 A        1999 19M  
 3 A        2000 2K   
 4 A        2000 20M  
 5 B        1999 37K  
 6 B        1999 172M 
 7 B        2000 80K  
 8 B        2000 174M 
 9 C        1999 212K 
10 C        1999 1T   
11 C        2000 213K 
12 C        2000 1T

Other separates

In previous versions of tidyr there was a single catch-all separate() function. This still exists and is available in the package but it is superseded.

Other helpful separate functions:

  • separate_longer_position()

  • separate_wider_position()

  • separate_wider_regex()

Unite

unite(d, century, year, col = "year", sep = "")
# A tibble: 6 × 2
  country year 
  <chr>   <chr>
1 Afghan  1999 
2 Afghan  2000 
3 Brazil  1999 
4 Brazil  2000 
5 China   1999 
6 China   2000

Example 1 - tidy grades

Is the following data tidy?

grades = tibble::tribble(
  ~name,   ~hw_1, ~hw_2, ~hw_3, ~hw_4, ~proj_1, ~proj_2,
  "Alice",    19,    19,    18,    20,      89,      95,
  "Bob",      18,    20,    18,    16,      77,      88,
  "Carol",    18,    20,    18,    17,      96,      99,
  "Dave",     19,    19,    18,    19,      86,      82
)


How would we calculate a final score based on the following formula, \[\text{score} = 0.5\,\frac{\sum_i\text{hw}_i}{80} + 0.5\,\frac{\sum_j\text{proj}_j}{200}\]

Semi-tidy approach

grades |>
  mutate(
    hw_avg = (hw_1+hw_2+hw_3+hw_4)/4,
    proj_avg = (proj_1+proj_2)/2
  ) |>
  mutate(
    overall = 0.5*(proj_avg/100) + 0.5*(hw_avg/20)
  )
# A tibble: 4 × 10
  name   hw_1  hw_2  hw_3  hw_4 proj_1 proj_2 hw_avg proj_avg overall
  <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>    <dbl>   <dbl>
1 Alice    19    19    18    20     89     95   19       92     0.935
2 Bob      18    20    18    16     77     88   18       82.5   0.862
3 Carol    18    20    18    17     96     99   18.2     97.5   0.944
4 Dave     19    19    18    19     86     82   18.8     84     0.889

pivot_longer (Wide -> Long)

tidyr::pivot_longer(
  grades, 
  cols = hw_1:proj_2, 
  names_to = "assignment", 
  values_to = "score"
)
# A tibble: 24 × 3
   name  assignment score
   <chr> <chr>      <dbl>
 1 Alice hw_1          19
 2 Alice hw_2          19
 3 Alice hw_3          18
 4 Alice hw_4          20
 5 Alice proj_1        89
 6 Alice proj_2        95
 7 Bob   hw_1          18
 8 Bob   hw_2          20
 9 Bob   hw_3          18
10 Bob   hw_4          16
# ℹ 14 more rows

Split type and id

tidyr::pivot_longer(
  grades, 
  cols = hw_1:proj_2, 
  names_to = c("type", "id"), 
  names_sep = "_", 
  values_to = "score"
)
# A tibble: 24 × 4
   name  type  id    score
   <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl>
 1 Alice hw    1        19
 2 Alice hw    2        19
 3 Alice hw    3        18
 4 Alice hw    4        20
 5 Alice proj  1        89
 6 Alice proj  2        95
 7 Bob   hw    1        18
 8 Bob   hw    2        20
 9 Bob   hw    3        18
10 Bob   hw    4        16
# ℹ 14 more rows

Tidy approach?

grades |>
  tidyr::pivot_longer(
    cols = hw_1:proj_2, 
    names_to = c("type", "id"),
    names_sep = "_", 
    values_to = "score"
  ) |> 
  summarize(
    total = sum(score),
    .by = c(name, type)
  )
# A tibble: 8 × 3
  name  type  total
  <chr> <chr> <dbl>
1 Alice hw       76
2 Alice proj    184
3 Bob   hw       72
4 Bob   proj    165
5 Carol hw       73
6 Carol proj    195
7 Dave  hw       75
8 Dave  proj    168

pivot_wider - (Long -> Wide)

grades |>
  tidyr::pivot_longer(
    cols = hw_1:proj_2, 
    names_to = c("type", "id"), 
    names_sep = "_", 
    values_to = "score"
  ) |> 
  summarize(
    total = sum(score),
    .by = c(name, type)
  ) |>
  tidyr::pivot_wider(
    names_from = type, 
    values_from = total
  )
# A tibble: 4 × 3
  name     hw  proj
  <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 Alice    76   184
2 Bob      72   165
3 Carol    73   195
4 Dave     75   168

Wrapping up

grades |>
  tidyr::pivot_longer(
    cols = hw_1:proj_2, 
    names_to = c("type", "id"), 
    names_sep = "_", 
    values_to = "score"
  ) |> 
  summarize(
    total = sum(score),
    .by = c(name, type)
  ) |>
  tidyr::pivot_wider(
    names_from = type, 
    values_from = total
  ) |>
  mutate(
    score = 0.5*(hw/80) + 0.5*(proj/200)
  )
# A tibble: 4 × 4
  name     hw  proj score
  <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1 Alice    76   184 0.935
2 Bob      72   165 0.862
3 Carol    73   195 0.944
4 Dave     75   168 0.889

Exercise 1

The palmerpenguin package contains measurement data on various penguin species on islands near Palmer Station in Antarctica. The code below shows the # of each species measured on each of the three islands (missing island, penguin pairs implies that species does not occur on that island).

palmerpenguins::penguins |>
  count(island, species)
# A tibble: 5 × 3
  island    species       n
  <fct>     <fct>     <int>
1 Biscoe    Adelie       44
2 Biscoe    Gentoo      124
3 Dream     Adelie       56
4 Dream     Chinstrap    68
5 Torgersen Adelie       52

Starting from these data construct a contingency table of counts for island (rows) by species (columns) using the pivot functions we’ve just discussed.

05:00

Rectangling

Star Wars & repurrrsive

repurrrsive is a package that contains a number of interesting example data sets that are stored in a hierarchical format. Many come from web-based APIs which provide results as JSON.

str(repurrrsive::sw_people)
List of 87
 $ :List of 16
  ..$ name      : chr "Luke Skywalker"
  ..$ height    : chr "172"
  ..$ mass      : chr "77"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "blond"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "19BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:5] "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/" ...
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/14/" "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/30/"
  ..$ starships : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-09T13:50:51.644000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:56.891000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/1/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "C-3PO"
  ..$ height    : chr "167"
  ..$ mass      : chr "75"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "n/a"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "gold"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "112BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "n/a"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:6] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" ...
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/2/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T15:10:51.357000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.309000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/2/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "R2-D2"
  ..$ height    : chr "96"
  ..$ mass      : chr "32"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "n/a"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "white, blue"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "red"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "33BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "n/a"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:7] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" ...
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/2/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T15:11:50.376000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.311000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/3/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Darth Vader"
  ..$ height    : chr "202"
  ..$ mass      : chr "136"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "white"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "41.9BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:4] "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/13/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T15:18:20.704000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.313000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/4/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Leia Organa"
  ..$ height    : chr "150"
  ..$ mass      : chr "49"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "19BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/2/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:5] "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/" ...
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/30/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T15:20:09.791000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.315000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/5/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Owen Lars"
  ..$ height    : chr "178"
  ..$ mass      : chr "120"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown, grey"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "52BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T15:52:14.024000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.317000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/6/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Beru Whitesun lars"
  ..$ height    : chr "165"
  ..$ mass      : chr "75"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "47BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T15:53:41.121000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.319000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/7/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "R5-D4"
  ..$ height    : chr "97"
  ..$ mass      : chr "32"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "n/a"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "white, red"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "red"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "n/a"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/2/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T15:57:50.959000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.321000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/8/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Biggs Darklighter"
  ..$ height    : chr "183"
  ..$ mass      : chr "84"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "24BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T15:59:50.509000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.323000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/9/"
 $ :List of 16
  ..$ name      : chr "Obi-Wan Kenobi"
  ..$ height    : chr "182"
  ..$ mass      : chr "77"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "auburn, white"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue-gray"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "57BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/20/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:6] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" ...
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/38/"
  ..$ starships : chr [1:5] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/48/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/59/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/64/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/65/" ...
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T16:16:29.192000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.325000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/10/"
 $ :List of 16
  ..$ name      : chr "Anakin Skywalker"
  ..$ height    : chr "188"
  ..$ mass      : chr "84"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "blond"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "41.9BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/44/" "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/46/"
  ..$ starships : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/59/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/65/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/39/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T16:20:44.310000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.327000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/11/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Wilhuff Tarkin"
  ..$ height    : chr "180"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "auburn, grey"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "64BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/21/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T16:26:56.138000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.330000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/12/"
 $ :List of 16
  ..$ name      : chr "Chewbacca"
  ..$ height    : chr "228"
  ..$ mass      : chr "112"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "unknown"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "200BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/14/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:5] "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/" ...
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/3/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/19/"
  ..$ starships : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T16:42:45.066000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.332000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/13/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Han Solo"
  ..$ height    : chr "180"
  ..$ mass      : chr "80"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "29BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/22/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:4] "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/7/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T16:49:14.582000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.334000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/14/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Greedo"
  ..$ height    : chr "173"
  ..$ mass      : chr "74"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "n/a"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "green"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "44BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/23/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/4/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T17:03:30.334000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.336000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/15/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Jabba Desilijic Tiure"
  ..$ height    : chr "175"
  ..$ mass      : chr "1,358"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "n/a"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "green-tan, brown"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "orange"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "600BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "hermaphrodite"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/24/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/5/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-10T17:11:31.638000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.338000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/16/"
 $ :List of 16
  ..$ name      : chr "Wedge Antilles"
  ..$ height    : chr "170"
  ..$ mass      : chr "77"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "hazel"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "21BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/22/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/14/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-12T11:08:06.469000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.341000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/18/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Jek Tono Porkins"
  ..$ height    : chr "180"
  ..$ mass      : chr "110"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/26/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-12T11:16:56.569000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.343000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/19/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Yoda"
  ..$ height    : chr "66"
  ..$ mass      : chr "17"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "white"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "green"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "896BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:5] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" ...
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/6/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-15T12:26:01.042000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.345000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/20/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Palpatine"
  ..$ height    : chr "170"
  ..$ mass      : chr "75"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "grey"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "pale"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "82BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:5] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" ...
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-15T12:48:05.971000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.347000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/21/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Boba Fett"
  ..$ height    : chr "183"
  ..$ mass      : chr "78.2"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "31.5BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/10/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/21/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-15T12:49:32.457000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.349000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/22/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "IG-88"
  ..$ height    : chr "200"
  ..$ mass      : chr "140"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "metal"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "red"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "15BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "none"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/2/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-15T12:51:10.076000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.351000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/23/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Bossk"
  ..$ height    : chr "190"
  ..$ mass      : chr "113"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "green"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "red"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "53BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/29/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/7/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-15T12:53:49.297000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.355000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/24/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Lando Calrissian"
  ..$ height    : chr "177"
  ..$ mass      : chr "79"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "dark"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "31BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/30/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-15T12:56:32.683000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.357000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/25/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Lobot"
  ..$ height    : chr "175"
  ..$ mass      : chr "79"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "37BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/6/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/2/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-15T13:01:57.178000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.359000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/26/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Ackbar"
  ..$ height    : chr "180"
  ..$ mass      : chr "83"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "brown mottle"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "orange"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "41BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/31/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/7/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/8/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-18T11:07:50.584000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.362000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/27/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Mon Mothma"
  ..$ height    : chr "150"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "auburn"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "48BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/32/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-18T11:12:38.895000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.364000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/28/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Arvel Crynyd"
  ..$ height    : chr "unknown"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/28/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-18T11:16:33.020000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.367000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/29/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Wicket Systri Warrick"
  ..$ height    : chr "88"
  ..$ mass      : chr "20"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "8BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/7/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/9/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-18T11:21:58.954000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.369000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/30/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Nien Nunb"
  ..$ height    : chr "160"
  ..$ mass      : chr "68"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/33/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/10/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-18T11:26:18.541000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.371000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/31/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Qui-Gon Jinn"
  ..$ height    : chr "193"
  ..$ mass      : chr "89"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "92BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/38/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T16:54:53.618000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.375000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/32/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Nute Gunray"
  ..$ height    : chr "191"
  ..$ mass      : chr "90"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "mottled green"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "red"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/18/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/11/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:05:57.357000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.377000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/33/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Finis Valorum"
  ..$ height    : chr "170"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "blond"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "91BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/9/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:21:45.915000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.379000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/34/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Jar Jar Binks"
  ..$ height    : chr "196"
  ..$ mass      : chr "66"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "orange"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "orange"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "52BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/12/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:29:32.489000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.383000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/36/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Roos Tarpals"
  ..$ height    : chr "224"
  ..$ mass      : chr "82"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "orange"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/12/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:32:56.741000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.385000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/37/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Rugor Nass"
  ..$ height    : chr "206"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "green"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "orange"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/12/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:33:38.909000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.388000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/38/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Ric Olié"
  ..$ height    : chr "183"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/40/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:45:01.522000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.392000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/39/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Watto"
  ..$ height    : chr "137"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "blue, grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/34/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/13/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:48:54.647000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.395000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/40/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Sebulba"
  ..$ height    : chr "112"
  ..$ mass      : chr "40"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey, red"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "orange"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/35/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/14/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:53:02.586000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.397000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/41/"
 $ :List of 13
  ..$ name      : chr "Quarsh Panaka"
  ..$ height    : chr "183"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "dark"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "62BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:55:43.348000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.399000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/42/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Shmi Skywalker"
  ..$ height    : chr "163"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "72BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:57:41.191000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.401000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/43/"
 $ :List of 16
  ..$ name      : chr "Darth Maul"
  ..$ height    : chr "175"
  ..$ mass      : chr "80"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "red"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "54BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/36/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/22/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/42/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/41/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T18:00:41.929000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.403000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/44/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Bib Fortuna"
  ..$ height    : chr "180"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "pale"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "pink"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/37/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/3/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/15/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T09:47:02.512000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.407000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/45/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Ayla Secura"
  ..$ height    : chr "178"
  ..$ mass      : chr "55"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "blue"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "hazel"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "48BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/37/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/15/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T09:48:01.172000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.409000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/46/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Dud Bolt"
  ..$ height    : chr "94"
  ..$ mass      : chr "45"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "blue, grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/39/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/17/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T09:57:31.858000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.414000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/48/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Gasgano"
  ..$ height    : chr "122"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "white, blue"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/40/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/18/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:02:12.223000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.416000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/49/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Ben Quadinaros"
  ..$ height    : chr "163"
  ..$ mass      : chr "65"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey, green, yellow"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "orange"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/41/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/19/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:08:33.777000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.417000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/50/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Mace Windu"
  ..$ height    : chr "188"
  ..$ mass      : chr "84"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "dark"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "72BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/42/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:12:30.846000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.420000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/51/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Ki-Adi-Mundi"
  ..$ height    : chr "198"
  ..$ mass      : chr "82"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "white"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "pale"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "92BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/43/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/20/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:15:32.293000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.422000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/52/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Kit Fisto"
  ..$ height    : chr "196"
  ..$ mass      : chr "87"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "green"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/44/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/21/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:18:57.202000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.424000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/53/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Eeth Koth"
  ..$ height    : chr "171"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/45/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/22/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:26:47.902000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.427000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/54/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Adi Gallia"
  ..$ height    : chr "184"
  ..$ mass      : chr "50"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "dark"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/9/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/23/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:29:11.661000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.432000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/55/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Saesee Tiin"
  ..$ height    : chr "188"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "pale"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "orange"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/47/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/24/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:32:11.669000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.434000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/56/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Yarael Poof"
  ..$ height    : chr "264"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "white"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/48/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/25/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:34:48.725000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.437000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/57/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Plo Koon"
  ..$ height    : chr "188"
  ..$ mass      : chr "80"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "orange"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "22BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/49/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/26/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/48/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:49:19.859000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.439000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/58/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Mas Amedda"
  ..$ height    : chr "196"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "blue"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/50/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/27/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T10:53:26.457000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.442000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/59/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Gregar Typho"
  ..$ height    : chr "185"
  ..$ mass      : chr "85"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "dark"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/39/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T11:10:10.381000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.445000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/60/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Cordé"
  ..$ height    : chr "157"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T11:11:39.630000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.449000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/61/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Cliegg Lars"
  ..$ height    : chr "183"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "82BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T15:59:03.958000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.451000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/62/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Poggle the Lesser"
  ..$ height    : chr "183"
  ..$ mass      : chr "80"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "green"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/11/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/28/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T16:40:43.977000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.453000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/63/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Luminara Unduli"
  ..$ height    : chr "170"
  ..$ mass      : chr "56.2"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "yellow"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "58BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/51/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/29/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T16:45:53.668000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.455000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/64/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "Barriss Offee"
  ..$ height    : chr "166"
  ..$ mass      : chr "50"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "yellow"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "40BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/51/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/29/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T16:46:40.440000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.457000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/65/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Dormé"
  ..$ height    : chr "165"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T16:49:14.640000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.460000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/66/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "Dooku"
  ..$ height    : chr "193"
  ..$ mass      : chr "80"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "white"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "102BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/52/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/55/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T16:52:14.726000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.462000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/67/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "Bail Prestor Organa"
  ..$ height    : chr "191"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "tan"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "67BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/2/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T16:53:08.575000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.463000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/68/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "Jango Fett"
  ..$ height    : chr "183"
  ..$ mass      : chr "79"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "tan"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "66BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/53/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T16:54:41.620000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.465000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/69/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "Zam Wesell"
  ..$ height    : chr "168"
  ..$ mass      : chr "55"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "blonde"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair, green, yellow"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/54/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/30/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/45/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T16:57:44.471000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.468000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/70/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "Dexter Jettster"
  ..$ height    : chr "198"
  ..$ mass      : chr "102"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/55/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/31/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T17:28:27.248000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.470000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/71/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Lama Su"
  ..$ height    : chr "229"
  ..$ mass      : chr "88"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/10/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/32/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T17:30:50.416000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.473000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/72/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "Taun We"
  ..$ height    : chr "213"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/10/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/32/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T17:31:21.195000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.474000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/73/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "Jocasta Nu"
  ..$ height    : chr "167"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "white"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "fair"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/9/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T17:32:51.996000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.476000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/74/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "Ratts Tyerell"
  ..$ height    : chr "79"
  ..$ mass      : chr "15"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey, blue"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "unknown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/38/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/16/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T09:53:15.086000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2016-06-30T12:52:19.604868Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/47/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "R4-P17"
  ..$ height    : chr "96"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "silver, red"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "red, blue"
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  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T17:43:36.409000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.478000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/75/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "Wat Tambor"
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  ..$ mass      : chr "48"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "green, grey"
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  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/56/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/33/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T17:53:52.607000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.481000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/76/"
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  ..$ name      : chr "San Hill"
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  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "gold"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/57/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/34/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T17:58:17.049000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.484000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/77/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Shaak Ti"
  ..$ height    : chr "178"
  ..$ mass      : chr "57"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "red, blue, white"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/58/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/35/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T18:44:01.103000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.486000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/78/"
 $ :List of 16
  ..$ name      : chr "Grievous"
  ..$ height    : chr "216"
  ..$ mass      : chr "159"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "brown, white"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "green, yellow"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/59/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/36/"
  ..$ vehicles  : chr "http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/60/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/74/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T19:43:53.348000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.488000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/79/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Tarfful"
  ..$ height    : chr "234"
  ..$ mass      : chr "136"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "blue"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/14/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/3/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T19:46:34.209000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.491000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/80/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Raymus Antilles"
  ..$ height    : chr "188"
  ..$ mass      : chr "79"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/2/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/1/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T19:49:35.583000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.493000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/81/"
 $ :List of 13
  ..$ name      : chr "Sly Moore"
  ..$ height    : chr "178"
  ..$ mass      : chr "48"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "pale"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "white"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/60/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T20:18:37.619000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.496000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/82/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Tion Medon"
  ..$ height    : chr "206"
  ..$ mass      : chr "80"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "grey"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/12/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/37/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-20T20:35:04.260000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2014-12-20T21:17:50.498000Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/83/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Finn"
  ..$ height    : chr "unknown"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "black"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "dark"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "dark"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/7/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2015-04-17T06:52:40.793621Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2015-04-17T06:52:40.793674Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/84/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "Rey"
  ..$ height    : chr "unknown"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "hazel"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/7/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2015-04-17T06:54:01.495077Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2015-04-17T06:54:01.495128Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/85/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Poe Dameron"
  ..$ height    : chr "unknown"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "male"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/7/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/77/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2015-04-17T06:55:21.622786Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2015-04-17T06:55:21.622835Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/86/"
 $ :List of 14
  ..$ name      : chr "BB8"
  ..$ height    : chr "unknown"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "none"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "none"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "black"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "none"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/7/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/2/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2015-04-17T06:57:38.061346Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2015-04-17T06:57:38.061453Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/87/"
 $ :List of 13
  ..$ name      : chr "Captain Phasma"
  ..$ height    : chr "unknown"
  ..$ mass      : chr "unknown"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "unknown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "unknown"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "unknown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "unknown"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/28/"
  ..$ films     : chr "http://swapi.co/api/films/7/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2015-10-13T10:35:39.229823Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2015-10-13T10:35:39.229894Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/88/"
 $ :List of 15
  ..$ name      : chr "Padmé Amidala"
  ..$ height    : chr "165"
  ..$ mass      : chr "45"
  ..$ hair_color: chr "brown"
  ..$ skin_color: chr "light"
  ..$ eye_color : chr "brown"
  ..$ birth_year: chr "46BBY"
  ..$ gender    : chr "female"
  ..$ homeworld : chr "http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/"
  ..$ films     : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/films/5/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/4/" "http://swapi.co/api/films/6/"
  ..$ species   : chr "http://swapi.co/api/species/1/"
  ..$ starships : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/49/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/64/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/39/"
  ..$ created   : chr "2014-12-19T17:28:26.926000Z"
  ..$ edited    : chr "2016-04-20T17:06:31.502555Z"
  ..$ url       : chr "http://swapi.co/api/people/35/"

RStudio data viewer

View(repurrrsive::sw_people)

Tidy data from nested lists

Recent versions of tidyr have added several functions that are designed to aide in the tidying of hierarchical data. Since they are part of tidyr all of the following functions work with data frames.

From hoist(), unnest_longer(), and unnest_wider() provide tools for rectangling, collapsing deeply nested lists into regular columns.

Lists as columns

(sw_df = tibble::tibble(
  people = repurrrsive::sw_people
))
# A tibble: 87 × 1
   people           
   <list>           
 1 <named list [16]>
 2 <named list [14]>
 3 <named list [14]>
 4 <named list [15]>
 5 <named list [15]>
 6 <named list [14]>
 7 <named list [14]>
 8 <named list [14]>
 9 <named list [15]>
10 <named list [16]>
# ℹ 77 more rows
as.data.frame(sw_df) |> head()
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            people
1 Luke Skywalker, 172, 77, blond, fair, blue, 19BBY, male, http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/, http://swapi.co/api/films/6/, http://swapi.co/api/films/3/, http://swapi.co/api/films/2/, http://swapi.co/api/films/1/, http://swapi.co/api/films/7/, http://swapi.co/api/species/1/, http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/14/, http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/30/, http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/, http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/, 2014-12-09T13:50:51.644000Z, 2014-12-20T21:17:56.891000Z, http://swapi.co/api/people/1/
2                                                                                                                      C-3PO, 167, 75, n/a, gold, yellow, 112BBY, n/a, http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/, http://swapi.co/api/films/5/, http://swapi.co/api/films/4/, http://swapi.co/api/films/6/, http://swapi.co/api/films/3/, http://swapi.co/api/films/2/, http://swapi.co/api/films/1/, http://swapi.co/api/species/2/, 2014-12-10T15:10:51.357000Z, 2014-12-20T21:17:50.309000Z, http://swapi.co/api/people/2/
3                                                                                      R2-D2, 96, 32, n/a, white, blue, red, 33BBY, n/a, http://swapi.co/api/planets/8/, http://swapi.co/api/films/5/, http://swapi.co/api/films/4/, http://swapi.co/api/films/6/, http://swapi.co/api/films/3/, http://swapi.co/api/films/2/, http://swapi.co/api/films/1/, http://swapi.co/api/films/7/, http://swapi.co/api/species/2/, 2014-12-10T15:11:50.376000Z, 2014-12-20T21:17:50.311000Z, http://swapi.co/api/people/3/
4                                                                                                                                    Darth Vader, 202, 136, none, white, yellow, 41.9BBY, male, http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/, http://swapi.co/api/films/6/, http://swapi.co/api/films/3/, http://swapi.co/api/films/2/, http://swapi.co/api/films/1/, http://swapi.co/api/species/1/, http://swapi.co/api/starships/13/, 2014-12-10T15:18:20.704000Z, 2014-12-20T21:17:50.313000Z, http://swapi.co/api/people/4/
5                                                                                                        Leia Organa, 150, 49, brown, light, brown, 19BBY, female, http://swapi.co/api/planets/2/, http://swapi.co/api/films/6/, http://swapi.co/api/films/3/, http://swapi.co/api/films/2/, http://swapi.co/api/films/1/, http://swapi.co/api/films/7/, http://swapi.co/api/species/1/, http://swapi.co/api/vehicles/30/, 2014-12-10T15:20:09.791000Z, 2014-12-20T21:17:50.315000Z, http://swapi.co/api/people/5/
6                                                                                                                                                                                                    Owen Lars, 178, 120, brown, grey, light, blue, 52BBY, male, http://swapi.co/api/planets/1/, http://swapi.co/api/films/5/, http://swapi.co/api/films/6/, http://swapi.co/api/films/1/, http://swapi.co/api/species/1/, 2014-12-10T15:52:14.024000Z, 2014-12-20T21:17:50.317000Z, http://swapi.co/api/people/6/
is.data.frame(sw_df)
[1] TRUE
nrow(sw_df)
[1] 87

Unnesting

sw_df |>
  unnest_wider(people)
# A tibble: 87 × 16
   name           height mass  hair_color skin_color eye_color birth_year gender
   <chr>          <chr>  <chr> <chr>      <chr>      <chr>     <chr>      <chr> 
 1 Luke Skywalker 172    77    blond      fair       blue      19BBY      male  
 2 C-3PO          167    75    n/a        gold       yellow    112BBY     n/a   
 3 R2-D2          96     32    n/a        white, bl… red       33BBY      n/a   
 4 Darth Vader    202    136   none       white      yellow    41.9BBY    male  
 5 Leia Organa    150    49    brown      light      brown     19BBY      female
 6 Owen Lars      178    120   brown, gr… light      blue      52BBY      male  
 7 Beru Whitesun… 165    75    brown      light      blue      47BBY      female
 8 R5-D4          97     32    n/a        white, red red       unknown    n/a   
 9 Biggs Darklig… 183    84    black      light      brown     24BBY      male  
10 Obi-Wan Kenobi 182    77    auburn, w… fair       blue-gray 57BBY      male  
# ℹ 77 more rows
# ℹ 8 more variables: homeworld <chr>, films <list>, species <chr>,
#   vehicles <list>, starships <list>, created <chr>, edited <chr>, url <chr>

More list columns

sw_df |>
  unnest_wider(people) |> 
  select(name, starships)
# A tibble: 87 × 2
   name               starships
   <chr>              <list>   
 1 Luke Skywalker     <chr [2]>
 2 C-3PO              <NULL>   
 3 R2-D2              <NULL>   
 4 Darth Vader        <chr [1]>
 5 Leia Organa        <NULL>   
 6 Owen Lars          <NULL>   
 7 Beru Whitesun lars <NULL>   
 8 R5-D4              <NULL>   
 9 Biggs Darklighter  <chr [1]>
10 Obi-Wan Kenobi     <chr [5]>
# ℹ 77 more rows
sw_df |>
  unnest_wider(people) |> 
  select(name, starships) |>
  pull(starships) |>
  str()
List of 87
 $ : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/13/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/"
 $ : chr [1:5] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/48/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/59/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/64/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/65/" ...
 $ : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/59/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/65/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/39/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/"
 $ : chr [1:2] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/"
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/21/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/28/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/40/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/41/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/48/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/39/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/74/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr "http://swapi.co/api/starships/77/"
 $ : NULL
 $ : NULL
 $ : chr [1:3] "http://swapi.co/api/starships/49/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/64/" "http://swapi.co/api/starships/39/"

Unnest Longer

unnest_wider(sw_df, people) |> 
  select(name, starships) |>
  unnest_longer(starships)
# A tibble: 31 × 2
   name              starships                        
   <chr>             <chr>                            
 1 Luke Skywalker    http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/
 2 Luke Skywalker    http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/
 3 Darth Vader       http://swapi.co/api/starships/13/
 4 Biggs Darklighter http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/
 5 Obi-Wan Kenobi    http://swapi.co/api/starships/48/
 6 Obi-Wan Kenobi    http://swapi.co/api/starships/59/
 7 Obi-Wan Kenobi    http://swapi.co/api/starships/64/
 8 Obi-Wan Kenobi    http://swapi.co/api/starships/65/
 9 Obi-Wan Kenobi    http://swapi.co/api/starships/74/
10 Anakin Skywalker  http://swapi.co/api/starships/59/
# ℹ 21 more rows

Aside - sw_starships

(ships = tibble(ships = repurrrsive::sw_starships) |>
   unnest_wider(ships) |>
   select(ship = name, url)
)
# A tibble: 37 × 2
   ship                          url                              
   <chr>                         <chr>                            
 1 Sentinel-class landing craft  http://swapi.co/api/starships/5/ 
 2 Death Star                    http://swapi.co/api/starships/9/ 
 3 Millennium Falcon             http://swapi.co/api/starships/10/
 4 Y-wing                        http://swapi.co/api/starships/11/
 5 X-wing                        http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/
 6 TIE Advanced x1               http://swapi.co/api/starships/13/
 7 Executor                      http://swapi.co/api/starships/15/
 8 Slave 1                       http://swapi.co/api/starships/21/
 9 Imperial shuttle              http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/
10 EF76 Nebulon-B escort frigate http://swapi.co/api/starships/23/
# ℹ 27 more rows

Aside - Joins

Joins (left)

Joins (right)

Joins (full / outer)

Joins (inner)

join by

By default dplyr’s join functions will join based on matching column names between the two data frames.

To specify the columns to join by (or to handle non-matching names) pass in a character vector of column names (or a named character vector where the names match the left data frame and the values match the right).

More recently more advanced joins have been allowed via the join_by() construct which alllows for: equality, inequality, rolling, overlap, and cross joins. See ?join_by for details.

Joining people and starships

sw_df |>
  unnest_wider(people) |> 
  select(name, starships) |>
  unnest_longer(starships) |>
  left_join(ships, by = c("starships" = "url"))
# A tibble: 31 × 3
   name              starships                         ship                    
   <chr>             <chr>                             <chr>                   
 1 Luke Skywalker    http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/ X-wing                  
 2 Luke Skywalker    http://swapi.co/api/starships/22/ Imperial shuttle        
 3 Darth Vader       http://swapi.co/api/starships/13/ TIE Advanced x1         
 4 Biggs Darklighter http://swapi.co/api/starships/12/ X-wing                  
 5 Obi-Wan Kenobi    http://swapi.co/api/starships/48/ Jedi starfighter        
 6 Obi-Wan Kenobi    http://swapi.co/api/starships/59/ Trade Federation cruiser
 7 Obi-Wan Kenobi    http://swapi.co/api/starships/64/ Naboo star skiff        
 8 Obi-Wan Kenobi    http://swapi.co/api/starships/65/ Jedi Interceptor        
 9 Obi-Wan Kenobi    http://swapi.co/api/starships/74/ Belbullab-22 starfighter
10 Anakin Skywalker  http://swapi.co/api/starships/59/ Trade Federation cruiser
# ℹ 21 more rows

Putting it together

sw_df |>
  unnest_wider(people) |> 
  select(name, starships) |>
  unnest_longer(starships) |>
  inner_join(ships, by = c("starships" = "url")) |>
  select(-starships) |>
  group_by(name) |>
  summarize(ships = list(ship), .groups = "drop")
# A tibble: 20 × 2
   name              ships    
   <chr>             <list>   
 1 Anakin Skywalker  <chr [3]>
 2 Arvel Crynyd      <chr [1]>
 3 Biggs Darklighter <chr [1]>
 4 Boba Fett         <chr [1]>
 5 Chewbacca         <chr [2]>
 6 Darth Maul        <chr [1]>
 7 Darth Vader       <chr [1]>
 8 Gregar Typho      <chr [1]>
 9 Grievous          <chr [1]>
10 Han Solo          <chr [2]>
11 Jek Tono Porkins  <chr [1]>
12 Lando Calrissian  <chr [1]>
13 Luke Skywalker    <chr [2]>
14 Nien Nunb         <chr [1]>
15 Obi-Wan Kenobi    <chr [5]>
16 Padmé Amidala     <chr [3]>
17 Plo Koon          <chr [1]>
18 Poe Dameron       <chr [1]>
19 Ric Olié          <chr [1]>
20 Wedge Antilles    <chr [1]>

sw_df |>
  unnest_wider(people) |> 
  select(name, starships) |>
  unnest_longer(starships) |>
  inner_join(ships, by = c("starships" = "url")) |>
  select(-starships) |>
  group_by(name) |>
  summarize(ships = paste(ship, collapse = ", "), .groups = "drop")
# A tibble: 20 × 2
   name              ships                                                      
   <chr>             <chr>                                                      
 1 Anakin Skywalker  Trade Federation cruiser, Jedi Interceptor, Naboo fighter  
 2 Arvel Crynyd      A-wing                                                     
 3 Biggs Darklighter X-wing                                                     
 4 Boba Fett         Slave 1                                                    
 5 Chewbacca         Millennium Falcon, Imperial shuttle                        
 6 Darth Maul        Scimitar                                                   
 7 Darth Vader       TIE Advanced x1                                            
 8 Gregar Typho      Naboo fighter                                              
 9 Grievous          Belbullab-22 starfighter                                   
10 Han Solo          Millennium Falcon, Imperial shuttle                        
11 Jek Tono Porkins  X-wing                                                     
12 Lando Calrissian  Millennium Falcon                                          
13 Luke Skywalker    X-wing, Imperial shuttle                                   
14 Nien Nunb         Millennium Falcon                                          
15 Obi-Wan Kenobi    Jedi starfighter, Trade Federation cruiser, Naboo star ski…
16 Padmé Amidala     H-type Nubian yacht, Naboo star skiff, Naboo fighter       
17 Plo Koon          Jedi starfighter                                           
18 Poe Dameron       T-70 X-wing fighter                                        
19 Ric Olié          Naboo Royal Starship                                       
20 Wedge Antilles    X-wing

Exercise 2

  1. Which planet appeared in the most starwars film (according to the data in sw_planets)?

  2. Which planet was the homeworld of the most characters in the starwars films?

05:00

Sta 523 - Fall 2023